Syaria Banking Vs Conventional

There are five factors that trigger the development of sharia banking in Indonesia, is the pembeda between sharia banks and conventional banks, namely:

1. Market was considered to be knowledgeable not been the most (let alone, the bank sharia not only devoted to the Muslims because there are a number of bank customers nonmuslim),
2. system for the best results compared to the more profitable system of the bank interest rate of the conventional (review at the time of economic crisis-monetary),
3. a return given to the customer's bank syariah fund owners is much greater than conventional bank deposit interest rate (plus more recently, the interest rate of Bank Indonesia Certificates (SBI) continues to decrease, so that bank interest rates also decreased),
4. Sharia bank does not provide a loan in the form of cash, but working together in partnership, such as principles for the results (mudharabah), principles of inclusion capital (musyarakah), principles of sale and purchase (murabahah), and the principle of rent (ijarah), and
5. principles of Sharia bank profit is not the only goal for a Sharia bank to seek how to make funds available to build a welfare society (moreover, working under the Sharia bank supervision of the Board of Supervisors Sharia).
   

According Boesono (2007), there are at least three operational principles in Sharia bank different from the conventional banks, especially in service to the customer, which must be maintained by the bankers, namely:

1. principles of justice, that is, the rewards on the basis of the results for profit margins and set up an agreement between banks and customers,
2. principles of equality, ie, where the customer funds, the funds and bank users have a right, obligation, the burden of the risks and benefits of balanced, and
3. principles of peace, that the bank follow the principles of Sharia and Islamic rule muamalah (free of usury and apply charity property).
   

Translated and adapted from Buletin Ekonomika dan Bisnis Islam issued by Economic Faculty Gadjah Mada University

Syaria Banking: The History

Implementation of the functions of the banking actually exists and has become a tradition
since the era of Rosulullah such as financing, property care, loans, borrow money, and even perform the function of money. However, at the time, of course, functions of the banking sector was still a simple and based on the needs of individual communities, so that has not been systematically organized.

In fact Islam has also had a fairly comprehensive rules about the laws in an economy, it can be extracted more in Al-Quran, Hadith, and books of the scholars. In fact, some of the terms that have a modern banking roots of the word fiqh knowledge. For example, the term credit (English: credit means trust; Roman: credo, which means trust, and Arabic: qard means lend money based on trust).

In addition, check the term (English: check; France: checks, Arabic: saq / suquq which means the market) - the term is known as a check payment tool that can be used in the markets.

History of the development of sharia banking can be seen in Table 1 (in the world) and Table 2 (in Indonesia).

The development of sharia banks in Indonesia in the world and still have problems because of Sharia bank present in the middle of the development and practices of conventional banking is that mengakar in the life of the community widely. Constraints faced by the banking sector (financial institutions) from the shari'a is not the availability of human resources adequately and regulations. Although, many studies have tried to simplify the explanation of the implementation of sharia banking operations.

This is considering that in each country, especially the majority Muslim population, does not have the infrastructure to support operations in sharia banking evenly. Konskuensi development in each country will certainly impact both directly and indirectly to the development of sharia banking in the world. Moreover, at the time this product was faster financial development.


Translated and adapted from Buletin Ekonomika dan Bisnis Islam issued by Economic Faculty Gadjah Mada University

Syaria Banking: Definition

Sharia Banking, or Islamic Bank, is one form of the national banking operations on the base Syariat (law) of Islam. According Schaik (2001), Bank Islam is a modern form of the bank based on Islamic law is legitimate, developed in the first century of Islam, using the concept of risk sharing as the main method, and negate the financial benefits and assistance, based on the previously determined.

Sudarsono (2004), Bank Syariah financial institutions is the main business of providing credit and other services in the traffic circulation and the payment of money to operate with the principles of sharia. Bank Syariah definition according to Muhammad (2002) in Donna (2006), is the financial institutions that operate with the flowers do not rely on the efforts to provide basic financial services and other traffic in the payment of money circulation and the operation in accordance with Islamic principles Syariat.

Schaik (2001) revealed that there are seven principles of Islamic economics
inspirit the syariah bank, namely:

1. justice, solidarity and similarity;
2. restrictions on the objects and beings;
3. recognition of intellectual property;
4. property should be used with the rational and the good (fair way);
5. no income and no business obligation;
6. general conditions of the credit (including, first, the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties should be treated well, given the time delay, will be even better if given a remission, and second, there are some differences in opinion on the legal difference between spot price and credit, that have yangberpendapat is the implicit interest rate and have also argued that the case is allowed to accommodate the cost of the transaction - not the cost of financing; and
7. risk duality, on the one hand as part of the credit agreement (liability) business, which is productive for the legitimacy of the results, on the other hand the risk should be taken carefully, the risk that is not controlled should be avoided.
   

Taken and translated from Buletin Ekonomika dan Bisnis Islam issued by Economic Faculty Gadjah Mada University

The influence of Advertisement: Is it Effective?

Role of advertising in a lot of people some controversy. However, this description can only evaluate a few things critical of the ad, among others:
Ad coax consumers to buy the product even though they desire the opposite.

Ad specifically can distinguish products produced by various companies and to build consumer loyalty towards a brand.

Ads act as deterrent for new companies to enter particular markets.
Ads allows advertisers parties (producers) to menaikan price relative to the product that is not advertised.

Advertising has three important characteristics that enable not seen in terms of the static analysis are:

1. Ad is a cheap relativ where the company can deliver to consumers about the existence of a product.
2. Ads with large-scale manufacturing allows companies to produce mass production with low cost. The broad market allows companies to understand the economies of scale.
3. Ads build brand identity for a particular company's products. The better the quality and marketing of the product the higher the consumer demand and the greater the company's advertising income.
   

Ad Function: What is it for?

Advertising is very important because it has a critical function of communication, namely (Shimp,2000):

• Informing

Ads make consumers aware of the existence of new products, provide information about a particular brand, and indicate the characteristics and benefits of a product.
At the initial stage of the product category, the ads are necessary to build the primary request (Kotler). Advertising is a form of communication is efficient because it is able to reach broad audiences with a relativ low cost.

• Persuasion

This objective is very important stage in the competition, where companies want to build selective demand for certain products (Kotler, 2000:578). Bebrapa ads using comparative advertising that provides a comparison of the attributes of two or more brand / product explicitly.

Effective ads will blandish consumer to try to use / consume a product. Sometimes advertising can affect the primary demand of the request form for the entire product category. Often the ad is intended to build a secondary request is a request to a particular company's brand.

• Remind

Ads can still make consumers remember the brand / product company. When the need arises in relation to specific products, customers will remember the ads about a specific product. Then consumers will become a candidate buyers. With the goal of the ad is very important unruk mature product (Kotler, 2000:579)

• Provide value added

Ad to give added value to products and brands with a certain way affect consumer perception. Ads that will provide effective value added products so that products percepted more luxurious, more stylish, more prestigious, even beyond what is offered by other products, and overall provide a better quality of other products.

• Supports Other Business Campaign

Can be used as a tool to support other efforts such as promotional tools for the sales promotion, support sales representatives, to improve the results of other marketing communications.

In addition, according to Tellis (1998) to give effect to the advertising, mass production required a company's ability to serve the broad market. Companies must provide brand products with a unique name so that consumers make a demand for certain goods.
Thus, mass production and marketing can be profitable when you have a brand. Second, mass production requires good packaging. So that companies can brand on the packaging design and a unique name. Therefore, the ad is a means of communication to the company's customers to deliver a unique quality product that can be seen from the unique packaging and brand produced.

The Advertisement

The Meaning of Advertisement

Advertising is an economic investment, and for most companies and non profit organizations, advertising is an investment which is considered very beneficial (Shimp, 2000). Definition of ads by Philip Kotler (2000):

"Any paid form of nonpersonal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods, or service by identified sponsor".

Advertisement is the oldest promotional tool. The ad is very striking (to attract people) and very controversial. "If communication is not paid for, it's not advertising".

For example a form of a publicity campaign in the ad is not because they do not have to pay. For example: Dian Sastrowardoyo interviewed to appear in her firts film about events in metro tv showbis aims to promote the newest film. Is this ad? Of course not because the producer or studio film does not pay showbis events in the metro tv.

But if producers advertise the film studio films on television and newspapers, and the form of communication is the film studio on the media that is certain is the ad.

Syaria Marketing: What Kind of Marketing is It?

In fact what is conventional and syaria marketing?

In the marketing world have "kelirumologi" term. That nine principles that misunderstood. For example marketing meant to coax people spend as much as possible. Or marketing of the pack in the end make the most of the products is not good. Blandish or in any way so that people would like to join and shopping. That's one of kelirumologi (the term refers dipopulerkan Jaya Suprana). Marketing sharia is to teach people the honest consumer or other person. Value sharia prevent people (marketers) kelirumologi sink in that line. There are values that should be a by-thought marketers. Moreover, if he Muslim.

Whether the value of marketing can be applied sharia other people?

Lha ya Islam is a universal value. Rahmatan lil alamin. Once a term. Prophet Muhammad is sure to spread the teachings of Islam is not just for Muslims only. So it does not matter if the value of this marketing initiative sharia of Islam so that people can inspired others. The more non-Muslims who took to apply this value, the more good. I participate in sharia endorse marketing. Is a matter of honest universal. So marketing sharia must be other people in order that rahmatan lil alamin.

What core value marketing sharia?

Integrity may be untrue or not. Transparency. People just can not prevaricate. So people need to buy because of and in accordance with the desires and needs, not because the remission. Marketing concept that if executed correctly.

How the origin development of spiritual values in marketing?

In line with the development of the world. After the September attack, people see the IQ and EQ is not enough. There must be SQ, spiritual Quotient. People to see.

Whether the value of marketing syariah akan this last?

Yes certainly sustain. Basically because principle honesty. This is all the people. Moreover, after cases such as Enron, Worldcom and others. People see business is to be honest.

Then, where the role of science in marketing the concept of sharia?

Sharia mengendorse marketing and marketing endorse sharia. Science professionalism in marketing donated sharia. Because if people marketing professionals do not, people still can not believe it. See how the Middle Eastern investors would not invest in Indonesia, although the country is majority Muslim population. Because they are not sure of our professionalism. So, honestly is not enough.

Tukang Obat: The True Marketer Around Us

Tukang Jualan Obat, so called Tukang Obat, is one of the true marketer phenomenon who lives in Indonesian market. It’s become a tradition for many decades using indonesian rural habits.

Literally, Tukang Obat means some one who sell some medicine. Traditionally, some traditional remote market have of it.

Tukang Obat have the same way to attract their prospective buyers and it’ss look likely a modern economics approach. The first important thing is the place. They place themselves in a place that many people come and go. Then, they show some tricky magic to make a crowd people.

After the mass collected many, magic show is stopped for a while with leaving the final scene, they began promoting their products. Here, their communication skills very influential. Even practitioners are not necessarily equal to them.

Villagers in so many cases have no enough money to pay their wealth and health too. So, they fund their limited money as efficiently as possible to sufficient their life. And it’s creating a chance for Tukang Obat.

Demographically, Indonesia have some national development problems. There are no such economics equity between rural and urban. Most of the money is circulated in urban society. In the one of the journal I ever read mention that 80 % of national financial was circulated in Jakarta and make economics inequity for other districts. This is still happened until now.

Viral Marketing: What is it?

What is viral marketing?

That is a common question of some beginners. So far, as I know, there are no the absolute description of it. The point of viral marketing is person to person speech. So, some times it is called as word of mouth marketing.

The first descripton to write about viral marketing on the Internet was media critic Douglas Rushkoff in his 1994 book Media Virus. The assumption is that if such an advertisement reaches a "susceptible" user, that user will become "infected" (i.e., accept the idea) and will then go on to share the idea with others "infecting them," in the viral analogy's terms. As long as each infected user shares the idea with more than one susceptible user on average (i.e., the basic reproductive rate is greater than one - the standard in epidemiology for qualifying something as an epidemic), the number of infected users will grow according to a logistic curve, whose initial segment appears exponential. Of course, the marketing campaign may be wildly successful even if the rate at which things are spread isn't of epidemic proportions, if this user-to-user sharing is sustained by other forms of marketing communications, such as public relations or advertising.

In response to its use, many sites have started up trying to describe what viral marketing is.

Bloggers for Bangsari is an example of success strory about it. Using intenet media, the team made some fund-rising to help some elementry school students to keep their continuance studies. As the result, they gathered about 20 million Rupiahs. It’s converse 45 goats that help 11 students. In the first year, it become 70 goats and help 18 students. It's a pure social work. Amazing.

Above of it all, viral marketing is triggered by the growth of the Internet .